Sanctuary: The New Underground Railroad

Free Black Communities and the Underground Railroad: The Geography of Resistance

Trespassing on the Railroad

Greater than half of all the fatal injuries on United States railroads are sustained by trespassers. The paper provides a statistical analysis of the demographics of trespassers, the activities they were engaged in, and the causes of injury. It also analyzes trends over time. The paper finds that the risks of injury and death are particularly acute for males in their 20s and 30s. The annual cas...

Bee sanctuary

The mysterious disappearance of entire bee colonies, known as colony collapse disorder or CCD, has mystified researchers for a couple of years now (see Curr. Biol. 17, R389). It was first observed in the US, where highly industrialised bee-keeping practices mean that colonies are shipped across the continent to work large areas of a single crop. But whether this stress or other factors are resp...

Underground Deformation Measurement Using New Quartz Instruments

This work demonstrates the usage of two new quartz instruments, which are a tiltmeter and an extensometer that we developed lately to measure with high accuracy deformations of structures, volcanoes, tunnels, and ground surface. The stability of an underground quarry, near Paris in France was the subject of the study. The deformation of the quarry under different cases of loading during the pro...

EMMA – A New Underground Cosmic-Ray Experiment

A new type of cosmic-ray experiment is under construction in the Pyhäsalmi mine in the underground laboratory of the University of Oulu, Finland. It aims to study the composition of cosmic rays at and above the knee region. The experiment, called EMMA, will cover approximately 150 m of detector area. The array is capable of measuring the multiplicity and the lateral distribution of underground ...